Wednesday, April 16, 2008

Acculturation

Acculturation, extends beyond just the learning of a language, but to the social variables that come along with being immersed within the target language and group. The amount that culture plays within the acculturation process is in my mind quite significant, but somewhat understated. My favorite book to date on culture learning, is Damen's 1987, Culture learning: the fifth dimension in the classroom. The whole process of moving from the transient sojourner (short term traveler) through to the permanent resident within a culture (due to immigration, or other circumstances) is clearly set out within that book. The most interesting aspect for me is the idea that it is a process, dealing with social distance: assimilation/adaptation/adjustment. There seems to be a careful balance between culture shock and integration/positive acceptance of cultural protocols. I believe that the process has no end point, and that the individual continues to go through stages of distancing themselves or being totally accepting of various social aspects, throughout their lives. Life is not static, but ever changing, and with those new situations and circumstances there are chances of new kinds of culture shock. I don't know if you can say that you are totally assimilated to a particular culture. However, people can come to a point in which they are comfortable with the roller coaster ride between minimum and maximum social distance. I guess it would depend on how different the new target culture is, and how passionately an individual feels about their own cultural identity. Acculturation therefore (as I see it) is in the realm of the person who moves to a new culture and must deal with the process of fitting into their surrounding environment. Personally, I believe that once an identity is established within one culture, it is very difficult (if not impossible) to totally assimilate. I think that the ideas of adaptation and adjustment allow the individual opportunities to integrate aspects of the new culture into their own identity, or have tolerance for new ways of doing things.
What is to be learned?
Well, if we want individuals to 'fit in' to a particular culture, we need to make it possible for them to reduce the social distance as much as possible, and create opportunities for them to develop tolerance and understanding of different ways of doing things. We should also create environments that encourage (not discourage) the first culture and language, and that try to reduce the stress of culture shock.
Ciao
Steven

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